The Pig intestinal Bacterial Collection (PiBAC)

Pigs are invaluable animals in both biomedical research and agriculture. The gut microbiota, i.e. the communities of microorganisms in their intestine, play a very important role in regulating their health. However, underlying mechanisms remain poorly described and microbiome-based applications are underdeveloped due to our still superficial knowledge about gut microbiota members. Indeed, many gut bacteria are still unknown, which hampers full understanding of microbe-host interactions.
We established the most comprehensive, publicly accessible collection of pig gut bacteria available to date, which includes 117 strains representing 110 species across 40 families and nine phyla. The taxonomic description of 38 novel taxa is provided, including 22 novel species and 16 novel genera. Detailed meta-amplicon and metagenomic surveys highlighted the host-specificity of several taxa. Functional prediction revealed a limited number of species that best represent the functional potential of pig microbiomes. Furthermore, functional insights such as new small ribosomal peptides unique to pigs with potential anti-microbial activities and detailed investigation of the metabolism of bile acids are provided.

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Species

DSM No.

Acidaminococcus  fermentans Rogosa 1969 emend. Cook et al. 1994

105754

Alistipes  shahii Song et al. 2006 emend. Hahnke et al. 2016

107272

Anaerobutyricum  soehngenii Shetty et al. 2018

109238

Anaerococcus  porci

101005

Anaerosalibacter  bizertensis Rezgui et al. 2012

106491

Anaerovibrio  slackiae

108025

Aneurinibacillus  aneurinilyticus (Shida et al. 1994) Shida et al. 1996 emend. Heyndrickx et al. 1997

105329

"Arthrobacter  sp."

105845

Bacillus  altitudinis Shivaji et al. 2006 emend. Liu et al. 2016

108493

Bacillus  velezensis Ruiz-García et al. 2005

100955

Bacteroides  eggerthii Holdeman and Moore 1974 emend. Hahnke et al. 2016

107245

Bacteroides  fragilis (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Castellani and Chalmers 1919 emend. Hahnke et al. 2016

103087

Baileyella  intestinalis

106896

Berryella  intestinalis

104960

Bifidobacterium  boum Scardovi et al. 1979

102857

Bifidobacterium  longum subsp. infantis (Reuter 1963) Mattarelli et al. 2008

107246

Bifidobacterium  thermophilum Mitsuoka 1969 emend. Nouioui et al. 2018

102827

Bifidobacterium  tsurumiense Okamoto et al. 2008

104387

Bilifractor  porci

106898

Bullifex  porci

105750

Cellulosimicrobium  funkei Brown et al. 2006

105328

Cloacibacillus  porcorum Looft et al. 2013

105753

Clostridium  beijerinckii Donker 1926 emend. Keis et al. 2001

105335

Clostridium  cadaveris (Klein 1899) McClung and McCoy 1957

100963

Clostridium  cochlearium (Douglas et al. 1919) Bergey et al. 1923

107247

Clostridium  innocuum Smith and King 1962

100998

Clostridium  perfringens (Veillon and Zuber 1898) Hauduroy et al. 1937

106278

Clostridium  porci

100959

Clostridium  scindens Morris et al. 1985

100975

"Clostridium  sp."

107452

Collinsella  aerofaciens (Eggerth 1935) Kageyama et al. 1999

108492

Collinsella  aerofaciens (Eggerth 1935) Kageyama et al. 1999

108837

Corynebacterium  ammoniagenes (Cooke and Keith 1927) Collins 1987 emend. Nouioui et al. 2018

104746

Corynebacterium  stationis (ZoBell and Upham 1944) Bernard et al. 2010

107248

Corynebacterium  xerosis (Lehmann and Neumann 1896) Lehmann and Neumann 1899 emend. Nouioui et al. 2018

107249

Cutibacterium  porci

101006

Desulfovibrio  piger (Moore et al. 1976) Loubinoux et al. 2002

106036

Desulfovibrio  porci

105247

Dorea  formicigenerans (Holdeman and Moore 1974) Taras et al. 2002

105840

Eisenbergiella  porci

101007

Enterobacter  asburiae Brenner et al. 1988 emend. Hoffmann et al. 2005

105330

Enterococcus  cecorum (Devriese et al. 1983) Williams et al. 1989

100908

Enterococcus  faecalis (Andrewes and Horder 1906) Schleifer and Kilpper-Bälz 1984

100906

Enterococcus  faecium (Orla-Jensen 1919) Schleifer and Kilpper-Bälz 1984

100905

Enterococcus  faecium (Orla-Jensen 1919) Schleifer and Kilpper-Bälz 1984

100907

Enterococcus  faecium (Orla-Jensen 1919) Schleifer and Kilpper-Bälz 1984

105332

Enterococcus  gallinarum (Bridge and Sneath 1982) Collins et al. 1984

104116

Enterococcus  hirae Farrow and Collins 1985

100949

Escherichia  coli (Migula 1895) Castellani and Chalmers 1919

106279

Eubacterium  callanderi Mountfort et al. 1988

100997

Faecalicoccus  pleomorphus (Barnes et al. 1979) De Maesschalck et al. 2014

103368

Fibrobacter  intestinalis Montgomery et al. 1988

104696

Floccifex  porci

104670

Fusobacterium  mortiferum (Harris 1901) Moore and Holdeman 1970 emend. De Witte et al. 2017

108838

Fusobacterium  perfoetens (Tissier 1905) Moore and Holdeman 1973

105865

Hallella  mizrahii

108495

Hallerella  porci D. Wylensek

104699

Hallerella  succinigenes D. Wylensek

104698

Holdemanella  porci

105256

Hornefia  butyriciproducens

104962

Hornefia  porci

104948

Inconstantimicrobium  porci

108839

Intestinimonas  butyriciproducens Kläring et al. 2013

104946

Lacrimispora  celerecrescens (Palop et al. 1989) Haas and Blanchard 2020

105336

Lactobacillus  amylovorus Nakamura 1981

107288

Lactobacillus  equicursoris Morita et al. 2010

104994

Lactobacillus  johnsonii Fujisawa et al. 1992

106897

Lactobacillus  porci Kim et al. 2018

105804

Ligilactobacillus  agilis (Weiss et al. 1982) Zheng et al. 2020

102821

Ligilactobacillus  ruminis (Sharpe et al. 1973) Zheng et al. 2020

107447

Ligilactobacillus  salivarius (Rogosa et al. 1953) Zheng et al. 2020

103789

Ligilactobacillus  salivarius (Rogosa et al. 1953) Zheng et al. 2020

105842

Limosilactobacillus  mucosae (Roos et al. 2000) Zheng et al. 2020

102820

Limosilactobacillus  reuteri (Kandler et al. 1982) Zheng et al. 2020

108836

Megasphaera  elsdenii (Gutierrez et al. 1959) Rogosa 1971

100961

Megasphaera  elsdenii (Gutierrez et al. 1959) Rogosa 1971

106891

Megasphaera  hexanoica Jeon et al. 2017

106893

Micrococcus  luteus (Schroeter 1872) Cohn 1872 emend. Nouioui et al. 2018

105846

Mobiluncus  porci

108840

Mogibacterium  kristiansenii

106282

Oliverpabstia  intestinalis

106162

Olsenella  porci

105246

Parabacteroides  distasonis (Eggerth and Gagnon 1933) Sakamoto and Benno 2006 emend. Hahnke et al. 2016

106899

Paraclostridium  sp.

107287

Parafannyhessea  umbonata (Kraatz et al. 2011) Zgheib et al. 2021

105184

Parafannyhessea  umbonata (Kraatz et al. 2011) Zgheib et al. 2021

105334

Peptoniphilus  porci

104947

Peptostreptococcus  porci

106284

Phocaeicola  vulgatus (Eggerth and Gagnon 1933) García-López et al. 2020

107446

Porcincola  intestinalis

106895

Pseudoramibacter  porci

106894

Psychrobacillus  sp.

106035

Pyramidobacter  porci

105193

Rhodococcus  coprophilus Rowbotham and Cross 1979 emend. Nouioui et al. 2018

105337

Rhodococcus  coprophilus Rowbotham and Cross 1979 emend. Nouioui et al. 2018

106145

Roseburia  porci

107448

Ruthenibacterium  lactatiformans Shkoporov et al. 2016

105274

Schaalia  hyovaginalis (Collins et al. 1993) Nouioui et al. 2018

106277

Scrofimicrobium  canadense

105338

Segatella  copri (Hayashi et al. 2007) Hitch et al. 2023

108494

Selenomonas  bovis Zhang and Dong 2009

100960

Selenomonas  montiformis

106892

Sharpea  porci

108165

Sodaliphilus  pleomorphus

108610

Staphylococcus  cohnii Schleifer and Kloos 1975

107449

Staphylococcus  epidermidis (Winslow and Winslow 1908) Evans 1916

106280

Staphylococcus  hominis Kloos and Schleifer 1975 emend. Kloos et al. 1998

104142

Stecheria  intestinalis

109718

Streptococcus  alactolyticus Farrow et al. 1985

100950

"Streptococcus  sp."

105354

Suipraeoptans  intestinalis

104945

Tissierella  pigra

105185

Velocimicrobium  porci

107250

Victivallis  lenta

107290

Victivallis  vadensis Zoetendal et al. 2003

107450

Waltera  intestinalis

108985



To be most comprehensive and help researchers looking for pig gut bacteria, the list of our own isolates above is complemented below by additional strains isolated previously by others from the intestine of pigs and available at the DSMZ

Species

DSM No.

Acetivibrio  ethanolgignens Robinson and Ritchie 1981

3005

Acidaminococcus  fermentans Rogosa 1969 emend. Cook et al. 1994

20731

Aeriscardovia  aeriphila Simpson et al. 2004

22365

Arcobacter  trophiarum De Smet et al. 2011

25469

Bacteroides  coprosuis Whitehead et al. 2005 emend. Hahnke et al. 2016

18011

Bacteroides  pyogenes Benno et al. 1983 emend. Sakamoto et al. 2010

20611

Bifidobacterium  apri Pechar et al. 2017

100238

Bifidobacterium  choerinum Scardovi et al. 1979

20434

Bifidobacterium  longum subsp. suillum Yanokura et al. 2015

28597

Bifidobacterium  longum subsp. suis (Matteuzzi et al. 1971) Mattarelli et al. 2008 emend. Nouioui et al. 2018

20211

Bifidobacterium  porcinum (Zhu et al. 2003) Nouioui et al. 2018

17755

Bifidobacterium  pseudolongum Mitsuoka 1969 emend. Nouioui et al. 2018

20099

Bifidobacterium  psychraerophilum Simpson et al. 2004

22366

Bifidobacterium  thermophilum Mitsuoka 1969 emend. Nouioui et al. 2018

20210

Butyricicoccus  porcorum Trachsel et al. 2018

104997

Campylobacter  coli (Doyle 1948) Véron and Chatelain 1973

4689

Campylobacter  hyointestinalis subsp. hyointestinalis (Gebhart et al. 1985) On et al. 1995

19053

Cloacibacillus  porcorum Looft et al. 2013

25858

Clostridium  butyricum Prazmowski 1880

10702

Clostridium  herbivorans Varel et al. 1995

14428

Ligilactobacillus  saerimneri (Pedersen and Roos 2004) Zheng et al. 2020

16049

Limosilactobacillus  mucosae (Roos et al. 2000) Zheng et al. 2020

13345

Parafannyhessea  umbonata (Kraatz et al. 2011) Zgheib et al. 2021

22620

Pseudoscardovia  radai Killer et al. 2014

24742

Pseudoscardovia  suis Killer et al. 2014 emend. Nouioui et al. 2018

24744

Streptococcus  alactolyticus Farrow et al. 1985

20728

Streptococcus  hyointestinalis Devriese et al. 1988

20770

Streptococcus  thoraltensis Devriese et al. 1997

12221

Tractidigestivibacter  scatoligenes (Li et al. 2015) Zgheib et al. 2021

28304

Treponema  succinifaciens Cwyk and Canale-Parola 1981

2489

Veillonella  magna Kraatz and Taras 2008

19857